Node Smith, ND
A research team of the University of Malaga (UMA) in the area of Medicine and Psychology has analyzed, for the first time, the effect of the type of delivery on twins’ psychological development and intelligence, demonstrating that cesarean section carries an independent risk in these multiple births.
First time study on type of delivery on twins psychological development and intelligence
“Twins are very vulnerable, since their birth frequently ends prematurely and they often present pregnancy and labor complications”, says Professor of Gynecology of the UMA Ernesto González Mesa, who, based on this study, adds the possible difficulties that may derive from cesarean section, very common in multiple births.
We have verified that cesarean section becomes a risk factor to development. This is why gynecologists firmly believe in vaginal delivery benefits, and we defend the use of this surgical intervention only as an option when problems arise,” said Ernesto González Mesa, Professor of Gynecology, UMA
Study comprises a total of 160 twins
This study, published in the scientific journal Frontiers in Psychology, finally comprised a total of 160 twins who were born in Hospital Materno-Infantil in Málaga in the year 2005; there were 7000 births in this period, and almost 300 were multiple births. From the sample of all twins, 55 percent were born by vaginal delivery and 45 percent by cesarean delivery.
First stage of the study
In a first stage of the study, the participating children’s intelligence and neuropsychological and psycho-pedagogical development were tested, which results were compared, in a second stage, with information on obstetric and perinatal variables, such as type of delivery, its problems, maternal age or newborn weight, among others.
“When comparing all data, we found out that those children that had a lower intellectual level and cognitive development were born by cesarean delivery”, explains María José González Valenzuela, Professor from the Evolutive Psychology and Education Department and main researcher of the study.
Expert asserts the following
The expert asserts that, apart from early diagnosis, this study seeks intervention through activities at school and primary health care centers. In this regard, Counselor Olga Cazorla Granados, co-author of this study, adds that there is an increased tendency in educational environments to search for neurological factors to explain difficulties in psychological development.
Addressing the major reading, writing and calculating difficulties that twins often have, and identifying benefits of vaginal delivery as against cesarean section, for example, the neurological effects that children’s intestinal flora, different in each type of delivery, may give rise to, are other future lines to progress in this study, in which Professor Dolores López Montiel, from the Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Science Methodology, has also participated.
Source:
- González-Valenzuela, M-J. et al. (2019) Type of Delivery, Neuropsychological Development and Intelligence in Twin Births. Frontiers in Physiology. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00972.
Node Smith, ND, is a naturopathic physician in Humboldt, Saskatchewan and associate editor and continuing education director for NDNR. His mission is serving relationships that support the process of transformation, and that ultimately lead to healthier people, businesses and communities. His primary therapeutic tools include counselling, homeopathy, diet and the use of cold water combined with exercise. Node considers health to be a reflection of the relationships a person or a business has with themselves, with God and with those around them. In order to cure disease and to heal, these relationships must be specifically considered. Node has worked intimately with many groups and organizations within the naturopathic profession, and helped found the non-profit, Association for Naturopathic Revitalization (ANR), which works to promote and facilitate experiential education in vitalism.
Node Smith graduated from the National University of Natural Medicine (NUNM) in 2017, and is currently licensed as a naturopathic physician in Oregon and working towards becoming licensed in Saskatchewan, Canada as well.
